B.V.B Pick 11s Switzerland 5 Francs 1936 UNC. Best price at Ebay. Specimen.

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William Tell

William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: German: Wilhelm Tell; French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell; Romansh: Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland. His legend is recorded in a late 15th-century Swiss illustrated chronicle. It is set in the time of the original foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century. According to the legend, Tell—an expert marksman with the crossbow—assassinated Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of Habsburg Austria positioned in Altdorf, Uri.

Along with Arnold von Winkelried, Tell is a central figure in Swiss patriotism as it was constructed during the Restoration of the Confederacy after the Napoleonic era.

Several accounts of the Tell legend exist. The earliest sources give an account of the apple shot, Tell's escape, and the ensuing rebellion. The assassination of Gessler is not mentioned in the Tellenlied but is already present in the White Book of Sarnen account.

The legend as told by Tschudi (ca. 1570) essentially follows the account in the White Book, but adds further detail, such as Tell's given name Wilhelm, his being from Bürglen, and the precise date of the apple-shot of 18 November 1307.

William Tell was known as a strong man, a mountain climber, and an expert shot with the crossbow. In his time, the Habsburg emperors of Austria were seeking to dominate Uri, and Tell became one of the conspirators of Werner Stauffacher, vowing to resist Habsburg rule. Gessler, the newly appointed Austrian Vogt of Altdorf, raised a pole under the village lindentree, hung his hat on top of it, and demanded that all the townsfolk bow before the hat.

On 18 November 1307, Tell visited Altdorf with his young son and passed by the hat, publicly refusing to bow to it, and was arrested. Gessler—intrigued by Tell's famed marksmanship but resentful of his defiance—devised a cruel punishment. Tell and his son were to be executed. However, he could redeem his life by shooting an apple off the head of his son Robert in a single attempt. Tell split the apple with a bolt from his crossbow. Gessler then noticed that Tell had removed two crossbow bolts from his quiver. Before releasing him, he asked why. Tell was reluctant to answer, but after Gessler promised he would not kill him, he replied that had he killed his son, he would have killed Gessler with the second bolt. Gessler was furious and ordered Tell to be bound, saying that he had promised to spare his life, but instead would imprison him for the remainder of his life.

Tell was brought to Gessler's boat to be taken to the dungeon in the castle at Küssnacht. A storm broke on Lake Lucerne, and the guards were afraid that their boat would sink. They begged Gessler to remove Tell's shackles so he could take the helm and save them. Gessler gave in, but once freed, Tell led the boat to a rocky place and leapt from the boat. The site is already known in the "White Book" as the "Tellsplatte" ("Tell's slab"). Since the 16th century the site has been marked by a memorial chapel.

Tell ran cross-country to Küssnacht. As Gessler arrived, Tell assassinated him, using the second crossbow bolt, along a stretch of the road cut through the rock between Immensee and Küssnacht, now known as the Hohle Gasse. Tell's blow for liberty sparked a rebellion in which he played a leading part, leading to the formation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

According to Tschudi, Tell fought again against Austria in the 1315 Battle of Morgarten. Tschudi also has an account of Tell's death in 1354, according to which he was killed trying to save a child from drowning in the Schächenbach River in Uri.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tell

B.V.B Pick 88 Belgium 5 Francs 1917 VF+/EF. Catalog Value in VF: 450 dollars.

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Louise of Orléans

Louise of Orléans (Louise Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle; 3 April 1812 – 11 October 1850) was a Princess of Orléans^[1] and was Queen consort of the Belgians as the last wife of King Leopold I. She is an ancestor of the present King of Belgium, Italian Royal Pretender (Prince of Naples), the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the present Prince Napoléon - head of the Imperial House of France.

Born in Palermo, Sicily, on 3 April 1812, she was the eldest daughter of the future King Louis-Philippe I, King of the French and of his wife Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies. As a child, she had a religious and bourgeoise education thanks to the part played by her mother and her aunt, Princess Adélaïde of Orléans to whom she was very close. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon she was entitled to the rank of a Princess of the Blood Royal.

On her father's side, she was a granddaughter of Philippe Égalité, and the great-great-great-granddaughter of Philippe d'Orléans, Regent for Louis XV, Madame de Montespan, she was descended from not only Louis XIV but was also a great-great-great-great granddaughter of his brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans; both the sons of Louis XIII. On her mother's side, she was a descendant of Maria Theresa of Austria and Catherine de' Medici. At the accession of her father to the throne, under the name Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, when she was eighteen, Louise became a princesse d'Orléans.

On 9 August 1832, the twenty year old Louise married King Leopold I of the Belgians, who was twenty two years her senior. Leopold had been widowed by his wife, Princess Charlotte of Wales after her death in childbirth in 1817. Since Leopold was a Protestant, they had both a Catholic and a Calvinist ceremony.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_of_Orl%C3%A9ans

Chambre de Commerce banknotes

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Chambre de Commerce and Local Emergency Banknotes from France during the Great War

Emergency paper money circulated in France during wartime and extended after the end of the Great War.  This was because with the war in progress and the coin shortage, the central bank was unable to provide this service.  In 1914 after the start of the Great War, France suspended the use of gold coins and the conversion of banknotes to gold.  These local banknotes were designed by lesser known artists and printed by local printers.  

As the Great War progressed, inflation was rampant and French coinage was hoarded for its gold and silver content.  In addition with the scarcity of metal for coinage, French merchants were unable to process small transactions with customers.  Two months after the start of the Great War, in August 1914 the Paris Chamber of Commerce received authorization to issue small bearer bonds in denomination of 0.25F, 0.50F, 1 Franc and 2 Francs.  These notes were considered legal tender among the merchants that accepted them in Paris.  As collateral, the Chamber of Commerce placed an equivalent amount of french francs on deposit with the Banque de France.  Quickly the Chambers of Commerce of other cities copied this idea and started issuing these small denomination notes across France.

Source: http://navonanumis.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-chambre-de-commerce-emergency.html

B.V.B Pick 155a France 200 Francs 1982 XF. MONTESQUIEU.

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Montesquieu

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu 18January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment.

He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. He is also known for doing more than any other author to secure the place of the word despotism in the political lexicon.

Montesquieu was born at the Château de la Brède in southwest France, 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Bordeaux. His father, Jacques de Secondat, was a soldier with a long noble ancestry. His mother, Marie Françoise de Pesnel, who died when Charles was seven, was an heiress who brought the title of Barony of La Brède to the Secondat family. After the death of his mother he was sent to the Catholic College of Juilly, a prominent school for the children of French nobility, where he remained from 1700 to 1711.^[His father died in 1713 and he became a ward of his uncle, the Baron de Montesquieu. He became a counselor of the Bordeaux Parliament in 1714. In 1715 he married Jeanne de Lartigue, a Protestant, who eventually bore him three children. The Baron died in 1716, leaving him his fortune as well as his title, and the office of Président à Mortier in the Bordeaux Parliament.

Montesquieu's early life occurred at a time of significant governmental change. England had declared itself a constitutional monarchy in the wake of its Glorious Revolution (1688–89), and had joined with Scotland in the Union of 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. In France the long-reigning Louis XIV died in 1715 and was succeeded by the five-year-old Louis XV. These national transformations had a great impact on Montesquieu; he would refer to them repeatedly in his work.

Montesquieu was also highly regarded in the British colonies in North America as a champion of liberty (though not of American independence). Political scientist Donald Lutz found that Montesquieu was the most frequently quoted authority on government and politics in colonial pre-revolutionary British America, cited more by the American founders than any source except for the Bible. Following the American revolution, Montesquieu's work remained a powerful influence on many of the American founders, most notably James Madison of Virginia, the "Father of the Constitution". Montesquieu's philosophy that "government should be set up so that no man need be afraid of another" reminded Madison and others that a free and stable foundation for their new national government required a clearly defined and balanced separation of powers.Montesquieu withdrew from the practice of law to devote himself to study and writing. He achieved literary success with the publication of his Lettres persanes (Persian Letters, 1721), a satire representing society as seen through the eyes of two imaginary Persian visitors to Paris and Europe, cleverly criticizing the absurdities of contemporary French society. He next published Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence (Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans, 1734), considered by some scholars, among his three best known books, as a transition from The Persian Letters to his master work. De l'Esprit des Lois (The Spirit of the Laws) was originally published anonymously in 1748. The book quickly rose to influence political thought profoundly in Europe and America. In France, the book met with an unfriendly reception from both supporters and opponents of the regime. The Catholic Church banned l'Esprit – along with many of Montesquieu's other works – in 1751 and included it on the Index of Prohibited Books. It received the highest praise from the rest of Europe, especially Britain.

Besides composing additional works on society and politics, Montesquieu traveled for a number of years through Europe including Austria and Hungary, spending a year in Italy]] and 18 months in England where he became a freemason, admitted to the Horn Tavern Lodge in Westminster, before resettling in France] He was troubled by poor eyesight, and was completely blind by the time he died from a high fever in 1755. He was buried in the Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu

B.V.B Pick 150 Suriname 500 Gulden 2000 UNC.

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Banknotes

In 1826, the Algemene Nederlandsche Maatschappij (General Netherlands Company) issued ½ and 3 guilder notes. These were followed in 1829 by notes of the West Indies Bank in denominations of  ¹⁄₂, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 50 guilders. The Bank introduced 10, 15 and 25 centen and 25 guilder notes in 1837, followed by 100, 200 and 300 guilder notes in 1865.

The Surinaamsche Bank introduced 50 guilder notes in 1901, followed by 10 guilders in 1915, 200 guilders in 1925, 50 guilders in 1926, 100 guilders in 1927, 5 guilders in 1935,  2 ¹⁄₂ guilders in 1940, 25 guilders in 1941, 1000 guilders in 1943 and 300 guilders in 1948. The government issued silver certificates (zilverbonnen) between 1918 and 1920 for  ¹⁄₂, 1 and  2 ¹⁄₂ guilders. Further issues for 50 cent and 1 guilder were introduced in 1940. The 50 cent coin was issued until 1942, with  2 ¹⁄₂ guilders introduced in 1950. The silver certificates were superseded in 1960 by muntbiljet for 1 and  2 ¹⁄₂ guilders, which were issued until 1985.

In 1957, the Central Bank of Suriname took over paper money production, issuing notes for 5, 10, 25, 100 and 1000 guilders. 500 guilder notes were introduced in 1982, followed by 250 guilders in 1988. 2000 guilder notes were introduced in 1995, followed by 5000 and 10,000 guilders in 1997 and 25,000 guilders in 2000.

The last series of banknotes was introduced in 2000 in denominations of 5, 10, 25, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 25,000 guilders. This colorful issue has native birds on the fronts and native flowers on the backs.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamese_guilder

B.V.B Pick 66a Denmark 100 Kroner 2009 UNC. Best price at Ebay. Check it !!!!!!!

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Danish krone

Most Danish banknotes (with a few exceptions) issued after 1945 are valid as payment. Banknotes has since 1945 been issued with the values: 5 kroner, 10 kroner, 20 kroner, 50 kroner, 100 kroner, 200 kroner, 500 kroner & 1000 kroner.

Bridge series

The process of designing the 'Bridge' banknotes was initiated in 2006 by the Danish National Bank. The theme of the new banknotes is Danish bridges and the surrounding landscapes, or details from these landscapes. Danish artist Karin Birgitte Lund has chosen to interpret this theme in two ways: bridges as links between various parts of Denmark and as links between the past and the present. The present is represented by the bridges, the past by five distinctive prehistoric objects found near the bridges. Among the new security features is a window thread ("Motion") with a moving wave pattern. Another feature is a new, sophisticated hologram that reflects light in different colors. The new banknotes also have the traditional security features such as the watermark and the hidden security thread.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_krone